Quick Answer
MANAGING ANAPHYLAXIS IN THE WILDERNESS involves recognizing symptoms quickly, administering epinephrine via an EpiPen, and providing supportive care such as oxygen and cardiac monitoring. The key to successful treatment is prompt action and a basic understanding of anaphylaxis symptoms and management. Wilderness responders should be prepared to respond to allergic emergencies.
Recognizing Anaphylaxis in the Wilderness
Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening allergic reaction that can occur within minutes of exposure to an allergen. Wilderness responders should be aware of common symptoms such as hives, itching, swelling, stomach cramps, diarrhea, and shortness of breath. If a person experiences any of these symptoms after a potential allergen exposure, administer epinephrine immediately, using an EpiPen or other auto-injector, and call for medical help.
Administering Epinephrine in the Wilderness
To administer epinephrine via an EpiPen, follow these steps: 1) remove the safety cap, 2) place the tip against the mid-outer thigh, 3) push the auto-injector firmly against the thigh, and 4) hold for 3 seconds. Remove the EpiPen and massage the injection site for 10 seconds. If the person is not breathing, initiate rescue breathing. If the person is not responsive, start CPR.
Providing Supportive Care in the Wilderness
Once epinephrine has been administered, provide supportive care such as oxygen if available, and monitor the person’s vital signs, including heart rate, breathing rate, and blood pressure. If the person’s condition does not improve, or if they experience severe symptoms such as difficulty breathing or a drop in blood pressure, evacuate them to a medical facility as soon as possible.
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