Quick Answer
The lethality of a bullet when hunting bears is primarily determined by its expansion and penetration capabilities, which can be influenced by the bullet's type and construction. Heavier bullets tend to deliver more kinetic energy and can cause greater tissue damage. For handgun hunting, bullets with a high sectional density are often preferred.
Bullet Design and Expansion
When hunting bears with handguns, the most effective bullets are those with a high sectional density and a large, flat nose. These bullets, such as the 300-grain Speer Gold Dot or the 325-grain Hornady XTP, tend to penetrate deeply and expand rapidly upon impact, causing significant tissue damage. A minimum of 30% expansion is recommended for bear hunting, as this helps to ensure a clean kill and prevents the animal from suffering.
Caliber and Kinetic Energy
Heavier calibers, such as the 454 Casull and the 460 S&W, are often preferred for bear hunting due to their higher kinetic energy and ability to deliver a larger, more destructive wound. These calibers can deliver energies of over 700 ft-lbs, which is more than enough to drop a bear quickly and humanely. For handgun hunting, a minimum of 800 ft-lbs of kinetic energy is recommended for bears.
Backup Sidearm Considerations
When carrying a heavy revolver as a primary handgun, it’s essential to also carry a lightweight backup sidearm in case the primary gun fails or is lost. A smaller caliber, such as the 357 Magnum or the 40 S&W, can be an effective backup option for bear hunting, as long as it’s paired with a high-performance bullet. A minimum of 200 ft-lbs of kinetic energy is recommended for a backup sidearm, as this helps to ensure a clean kill in a high-stress situation.
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