Quick Answer
Tornado shelters need well-designed ventilation systems to prevent the buildup of hazardous gases produced by fuels, paint, and other materials, as well as to maintain a safe air quality during extended use.
Ventilation Requirements
A well-designed ventilation system in a tornado shelter should be able to exchange the air at least twice per hour. In a typical 200 square foot shelter, that translates to approximately 400 cubic feet per minute (CFM) of airflow. This can be achieved through a combination of intake and exhaust vents, which should be placed on opposite sides of the shelter to prevent backdraft and create a pressure differential.
Shelter Design Considerations
When designing a tornado shelter, it’s essential to consider the location and size of the ventilation system. The intake vent should be positioned near the floor to draw in air from outside, while the exhaust vent should be placed near the ceiling to remove stale air. The vents should be screened to prevent debris and insects from entering the shelter. In addition, the shelter should be constructed with materials that are resistant to damage from high winds and flying debris.
Air Quality Monitoring
In addition to a well-designed ventilation system, it’s also essential to monitor the air quality inside the shelter. This can be done using a CO (carbon monoxide) detector and a particulate matter (PM) monitor. These devices should be placed in a location where they can detect hazardous gases and particles, and provide audible and visual alerts to occupants if the air quality becomes unacceptable. This will ensure that occupants can safely shelter in place during a tornado event.
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