Quick Answer
A good shelter must be waterproof and provide adequate insulation, such as a two-person, four-season tent with a waterproof and breathable fabric, or a snow shelter made from snow and insulated with pine needles. A snow shelter can be built in about an hour and requires a few basic tools. It's essential to stay dry and warm to prevent hypothermia.
Choosing the Right Shelter
When selecting a shelter, consider its waterproof rating, wind resistance, and insulation. A four-season tent with a waterproof and breathable fabric, such as Gore-Tex or similar technology, is ideal for winter storms. Look for a tent with a waterproof rating of at least 10,000 mm (millimeters) and a wind resistance of 30 mph (mph) or higher.
Building a Snow Shelter
A snow shelter can be a reliable and effective option in a winter emergency. To build one, find a spot with deep snow and a relatively flat surface. Clear a circle of about 6 feet (1.8 meters) in diameter, then start piling snow onto the center. Use a makeshift shovel or your hands to shape the snow into a dome, about 4-6 feet (1.2-1.8 meters) high. Add layers of snow to increase the shelter’s height and stability. Finally, add insulation with pine needles or other dry material to keep the shelter warm and dry.
Additional Considerations
When building or using a shelter, remember to stay dry and warm to prevent hypothermia. Remove any wet clothing and dry off as soon as possible. Use a warm sleeping bag and a hat to retain body heat. Bring a portable stove or other heat source to keep the shelter warm, but always follow safety guidelines to avoid carbon monoxide poisoning.
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