Quick Answer
Primary flakes are the initial flakes detached from the core during percussion flaking, often large and irregularly-shaped. Secondary flakes are smaller, detached flakes resulting from subsequent pressure flaking operations. Identifying primary flakes helps determine the overall shape and design of the stone tool.
Identifying Primary Flakes
To differentiate between primary and secondary flakes, examine the flake scars on the core. Primary flakes typically have a characteristic “cushion” or “platform” at their base, formed by the shock absorption during percussion flaking. These platform areas can be flat or slightly concave and are usually larger than the scar itself. Measure the diameter of the primary flake scar; it’s often around 1-2 cm (0.4-0.8 in) in diameter.
Characteristics of Secondary Flakes
Secondary flakes, on the other hand, tend to be smaller and more uniform in size. They often exhibit a more pronounced curvature or “lip” at their base, due to the focused pressure applied during pressure flaking. Secondary flakes usually have a smaller platform area compared to primary flakes. To identify secondary flakes, check for these distinct characteristics and note their size, typically around 0.5-1 cm (0.2-0.4 in) in diameter.
Practical Flaking Techniques
When flaking, work with a consistent, steady motion to produce controlled, even pressure. Hold the flake retainer or striking platform firmly in place and target the desired area for flaking. Use the correct flaking angle (about 45°) to minimize the risk of producing unwanted flakes. Regularly inspect the core and flake scars to assess the tool’s progress and make adjustments as needed. This attention to detail will help you distinguish primary from secondary flakes and create a well-crafted stone tool.
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