How to Recognize Unsafe Terrain When Snow Is Present?

Identifying Avalanche Terrain

When snow is present, avalanches are a significant concern. Look for signs such as recent avalanche debris, recent snowfall, and steep slopes (over 30°). Steep slopes with a consistent snow surface are more prone to avalanches. Check for cracks in the snow, recent windblown drifts, or recent snowfall. Also, be aware of the snow’s temperature. Avoid areas where the snow is warm to the touch, as this indicates recent melting and potential instability.

Recognizing Crevasses and Steep Slopes

Crevasses and steep slopes are just as hazardous as avalanches. When navigating through snow-covered terrain, look for steep drop-offs or sudden changes in elevation. Steep slopes with a consistent snow surface can be difficult to spot, so pay attention to changes in vegetation and soil texture. Vegetation may be sparse or missing in areas where the soil is unstable due to erosion or landslides. Also, be aware of the sound of creaking or cracking ice, which can signal crevasses or unstable terrain.

Assessing Terrain Using the “3-Point Check”

Before navigating through snow-covered terrain, perform the “3-Point Check” to assess the terrain’s stability. This involves measuring the terrain’s slope (steepness), aspect (direction), and elevation (height). A slope over 30°, a northerly aspect (north-facing slopes are more prone to avalanches), or an elevation change of over 100 feet can indicate unstable terrain. This simple check can help you identify potential hazards and make informed decisions about your route.