Quick Answer
To identify cardinal directions using a makeshift compass, find a straight stick, draw a line in the dirt with a rock, and create a shadow stick by placing the straight stick vertically in the sunlight. Observe the shadow and note the direction of the tip. In six hours, the shadow will have shifted 15 degrees from its original position, allowing you to estimate the direction of south.
Preparing the Shadow Stick Method
The shadow stick method is a simple and effective way to estimate direction. Find a straight stick, ideally made of a light-colored wood, and place it in the ground vertically. This will be your shadow stick. Mark the tip of the shadow with a small rock.
Observing and Calculating Direction
Wait for six hours or until the sun’s position changes significantly. Observe the new position of the shadow and mark it with another rock. Draw a line between the two marks and divide it into 12 equal parts. Each part represents approximately 30 degrees. By aligning the marks and the line with the direction of the shadow, you can estimate the direction of south. This method works best in areas with clear sunlight and minimal obstructions.
Refining the Method with Shadow Shift
To further refine your estimate, note the time it took for the shadow to shift from the initial position to the new position. In six hours, the shadow will have shifted 15 degrees. By dividing the time it took for the shadow to shift by six hours, you can calculate the exact direction of south. For example, if the shadow shifted in three hours, it indicates that the direction of south is 7.5 degrees from the initial position.
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