How Long Should Burns Be Irrigated with Cool Water?

Initial Irrigation and Classification

When treating a burn, it’s essential to quickly and accurately assess the severity of the injury. This can be done using the Rule of Nines, where the body is divided into sections (head and neck, each arm, each leg, chest, abdomen, and back) and the area of the burn is calculated as a percentage. For example, a burn covering the palm of the hand is approximately 1% of the body’s surface area. After assessing the burn, it’s crucial to immediately begin irrigation with cool water.

Irrigation Techniques

To effectively irrigate a burn, the affected area should be submerged in cool water or gently poured over with a steady stream. The water should be cool, but not cold, as cold water can cause further shock to the system. A burn that covers a large area or is deep (third-degree) may require emergency medical attention. When irrigating a burn, it’s best to remove any clothing or jewelry in the affected area, as these can stick to the burn and cause further damage.

Post-Irrigation Care

After irrigating the burn, the area should be covered with a non-stick dressing or bandage to prevent infection. The dressing should be changed daily to maintain cleanliness and promote healing. Over-the-counter pain medication can be taken to manage discomfort, but the burn should not be further treated with ointments or creams. In severe cases, the burn may be dressed with a topical antibiotic ointment, but this should only be done under the guidance of a medical professional.