Quick Answer
In the United States, the sale of goat milk is subject to regulations by the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) and individual state laws. Some states require a permit or license to sell goat milk, while others have specific labeling requirements. Regulations can vary depending on the intended use of the milk.
Understanding USDA Regulations
The US Department of Agriculture (USDA) regulates goat milk sales under the Pasteurized Milk Ordinance (PMO) and the Federal Milk Marketing Orders (FMMO). The PMO sets standards for pasteurization, testing, and labeling, while the FMMO governs milk pricing and marketing. Producers must comply with these regulations to sell goat milk to processors or distributors.
State-Specific Regulations
State laws and regulations regarding goat milk sales vary significantly. For example, California requires a permit from the California Department of Food and Agriculture (CDFA) to sell goat milk, while Oregon has specific labeling requirements for goat milk sold as “raw” or “unpasteurized.” Producers should check with their state’s department of agriculture for specific regulations.
On-Farm Sales Exemptions
The USDA generally exempts on-farm sales of goat milk from federal regulations, provided they meet certain conditions. These sales are typically limited to the farm where the milk is produced, and the milk cannot be transported off-site. This exemption is intended to allow small-scale farmers to sell milk directly to consumers while minimizing regulatory burdens. However, producers should still check with their state’s department of agriculture for specific regulations regarding on-farm sales.
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