Can thermal runaway be caused by external impacts on the battery?

External Factors Contributing to Thermal Runaway

External impacts, such as physical shocks or crushing forces, can cause thermal runaway in a battery. When a battery is subjected to these external forces, the internal structure of the cells can be compromised. For example, a battery that is dropped from a height of 1 meter (3.28 feet) can experience a 20% increase in internal pressure due to the shockwave generated by the impact. This increase in pressure and subsequent expansion can cause internal stress in the battery, leading to a thermal runaway event.

Physical Damage and Thermal Runaway

Physical damage to a battery can also cause thermal runaway. A puncture or tear in the battery casing can allow electrical shorts to occur, generating excessive heat within the cell. Furthermore, a crushed or deformed battery can experience increased internal resistance, leading to a buildup of heat due to the increased electrical current flowing through the damaged area. In severe cases, the heat generated can reach temperatures above 150°C (302°F), causing a thermal runaway event.

Mitigating External Factors

To mitigate the risk of thermal runaway due to external impacts, it is essential to handle batteries with care and follow proper storage and transportation procedures. Batteries should be stored in a cool, dry place, away from direct sunlight and moisture. When transporting batteries, they should be secured in a protective container to prevent shocks or impacts. Additionally, regular inspections of the battery’s physical condition can help identify any signs of damage or stress that may lead to a thermal runaway event.