Quick Answer
Yes, there are specific building codes for tornado shelters, which have been developed by the International Code Council (ICC) and the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) to ensure safe construction and design.
Building Codes for Tornado Shelters
The ICC’s International Residential Code (IRC) and the International Building Code (IBC) both include provisions for tornado-resistant construction, including requirements for storm shelters and safe rooms. According to the IRC, a storm shelter must be designed and constructed to withstand wind pressures of 150 pounds per square foot (psf), with a minimum design wind speed of 100 mph.
Design Requirements for Storm Shelters
Storm shelters must be designed to protect occupants from flying debris and wind-borne missiles. The shelter must be built with reinforced steel and reinforced masonry, and must be anchored to the foundation with anchor bolts. The shelter must also be equipped with a secure door that can withstand wind pressures of 100 psf, with a minimum door size of 24 inches wide and 60 inches tall.
Safety Considerations for Alternative Shelter Options
While building a storm shelter is the safest option, not everyone has the resources or space to build one. In this case, the next safest option is to seek shelter in an interior room or hallway on the lowest floor of a building, away from windows and exterior walls. This room should be designed to withstand wind pressures of at least 80 psf, with a minimum design wind speed of 90 mph. Mobile homes are not suitable for tornado safety, as they are typically designed to withstand wind pressures of 50 psf, which is not sufficient to protect occupants from tornadoes.
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