Quick Answer
Glass is not ideal for a solar still due to its high thermal mass and inability to withstand extreme temperature fluctuations. It may also shatter under repeated exposure to water temperature changes. Plastic is a better option due to its lower thermal mass, flexibility, and ease of handling.
Choosing the Right Plastic Material
When selecting a plastic material for your solar still, look for materials that are lightweight, waterproof, and can withstand high temperatures. Polyethylene (PE) or polypropylene (PP) containers are excellent options. Ensure the container is clean and free of any contaminants before use. A 5-gallon bucket with a 1/4 inch thick wall is a suitable size for a basic solar still.
Assembling the Solar Still
To assemble your solar still, excavate a shallow depression in a well-ventilated area with direct sunlight. Place your chosen plastic container in the center of the depression, making sure it’s level and stable. Add a small amount of water to the container, about 1-2 liters. Use a rock or a heavy object to weigh down a clear plastic sheet or a plastic bag on top of the container, ensuring it’s in contact with the water. Use a stick or a rock to weigh down the edges of the plastic sheet or bag.
Improving Efficiency
To improve the efficiency of your solar still, create a series of small channels or ridges on the surface of the plastic sheet or bag to increase surface area and facilitate evaporation. Add a wick or a sponge to the center of the container to absorb the water vapor and direct it towards the collection area. Use a clear plastic container or a cup to collect the distilled water as it condenses on the underside of the plastic sheet or bag.
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