Quick Answer
SEVERE ALLERGIC REACTIONS IN THE WILDERNESS CAN BE LIFE-THREATENING. IMMEDIATE ACTION IS REQUIRED TO PREVENT DEATH. ADMINISTER EPINEPHRINE AND MONITOR VITAL SIGNS.
Identifying Anaphylaxis
When a person experiences a severe allergic reaction, they may exhibit symptoms such as difficulty breathing, rapid heartbeat, hives, and swelling. Anaphylaxis is a medical emergency that requires immediate treatment. If you suspect someone is experiencing anaphylaxis, call for help and begin administering epinephrine. For every minute that passes, the risk of death increases by 4-12%.
Administering Epinephrine
EpiPen or other auto-injectors are the most effective way to administer epinephrine in a wilderness setting. To use an EpiPen, hold the device at a 90-degree angle against the mid-outer thigh, and press the auto-injector until it clicks, releasing the epinephrine. Hold the device in place for 3 seconds, then remove it. Do not use an EpiPen if the device is past its expiration date or if the person is taking beta blockers, as this can cause the epinephrine to be less effective.
Monitoring Vital Signs and Providing Care
After administering epinephrine, monitor the person’s vital signs, including their airway, breathing, and circulation (ABCs). Provide oxygen if available, and keep the person calm and relaxed. If the person continues to deteriorate, repeat the epinephrine dose after 5-15 minutes. Do not use antihistamines or other medications, as they can worsen the situation. Call for a helicopter evacuation or escort the person to a medical facility as soon as possible.
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