Quick Answer
Before transporting a heatstroke victim, cool the body with water, provide fluids, and move to a shaded area. If the person's condition worsens or they are unconscious, call emergency services immediately. Use a cooling blanket or spray to rapidly lower body temperature.
Cooling the Victim
When treating heatstroke, the primary goal is to rapidly lower the body temperature. Use water to cool the victim, aiming for a temperature drop of 1-2°C (1.8-3.6°F) within 15 minutes. This can be achieved by spraying the victim with water, using a cooling blanket, or sponging them with a cold, wet cloth. Avoid using ice as it can cause vasoconstriction, which can further raise body temperature.
Stabilizing the Victim
Once cooling has begun, check the victim’s airway, breathing, and circulation (ABCs). Make sure they are in a safe position and provide supplementary oxygen if available. Administer oral or intravenous fluids to prevent dehydration, using a minimum of 1 liter (34 ounces) of fluid per hour. Monitor the victim’s vital signs, including heart rate, blood pressure, and temperature.
Preparing for Transport
Before transporting the victim, ensure they are stable and comfortable. Use a backboard or stretcher to immobilize the victim, if necessary. Provide a cooling device, such as a cooling blanket or ice pack, to maintain the lowered body temperature. Have a first aid kit and emergency contact information readily available. Call emergency services to coordinate transportation and receive guidance on the victim’s care.
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