Quick Answer
To determine cardinal directions using shadow length, observe the shadow of a vertical object, such as a stick or tree, and note the length of the shadow. Compare the length of the shadow to the height of the object. The direction of the shadow indicates south during the day.
Using the Shadow Stick Method
The Shadow Stick Method is a simple technique for determining south, which enables you to identify other cardinal directions. To use this method, find a straight stick or branch about 10-15 inches tall. Insert the stick into the ground and mark the end of the shadow with a small rock or piece of bark. Wait for about 15-30 minutes, allowing the sun to move slightly. Mark the end of the new shadow. Draw an imaginary line between the two marks. The midpoint of this line will be approximately south.
Identifying Other Directions
To identify east and west, use the following technique: hold the stick vertically and observe the shadow. If the shadow is to your left, the sun is rising in the east, and the direction you are facing is south. If the shadow is to your right, the sun is setting in the west, and the direction you are facing is south. To determine north, use a magnetic compass or observe the position of the constellations at night, such as the Big Dipper or the North Star.
Tips and Considerations
When using the Shadow Stick Method, consider the time of day and the latitude of your location. The method works best during the middle of the day when the sun is highest in the sky. In the northern hemisphere, the sun is south during the day, and in the southern hemisphere, the sun is north. Additionally, be aware that the method may not work during periods of heavy cloud cover or near the equator.
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