Can Controlled Burns Improve Grassland Nesting Cover?

Prescribed Fire and Native Grass Growth

Prescribed fires, typically conducted in late winter or early spring, can stimulate native grass growth by promoting seed germination and breaking seed dormancy. This can lead to increased native grass cover, which is essential for upland bird species, such as bobwhite quail and prairie chickens. For example, a study in the Midwest found that prescribed fires increased native grass cover by 25-30% compared to unburned areas. The recommended frequency for prescribed fires in native grasslands is every 3-5 years, depending on climate and vegetation conditions.

Reducing Invasive Species and Enhancing Nesting Cover

By conducting controlled burns, land managers can reduce the dominance of invasive species, such as eastern redcedar and smooth brome, which can outcompete native grasses for resources. This can lead to an increase in nesting cover, as native grasses provide a more suitable environment for upland birds. In addition, controlled burns can stimulate the growth of desirable shrubs, such as big bluestem and little bluestem, which provide nesting habitat for birds. To maximize the benefits of controlled burns, land managers should aim to maintain a mosaic of different ages and structures of vegetation, which can provide a diverse range of nesting sites for birds.