Quick Answer
A tension pneumothorax can be identified in the field by a sudden increase in respiratory distress, a tracheal deviation away from the injury, and a decreased or absent breath sound on the affected side.
Identifying the Symptoms
A tension pneumothorax is a life-threatening condition that requires immediate attention. In a first aid situation, look for signs of respiratory distress, such as a rapid or shallow breathing rate, a blue or grayish discoloration of the skin (cyanosis), and a decreased level of consciousness. A tracheal deviation away from the injury can also indicate a tension pneumothorax, as the increased pressure in the chest cavity causes the trachea to shift.
Assessing the Injured Chest
When assessing a sucking chest wound, look for signs of a tension pneumothorax, such as a hissing sound or a sucking in of the chest wall with each breath. If the patient is conscious, ask them to take slow, deep breaths to assess their ability to expand the lungs. If the patient is unable to breathe or is showing signs of respiratory distress, suspect a tension pneumothorax.
Treating the Injury
If a tension pneumorthorax is suspected, the injured person’s shirt or jacket should be cut to allow the chest wall to expand with each breath. A sterile dressing should be applied to the wound to prevent further air from entering the chest cavity. The patient should then be transported to a medical facility for further treatment, which may include inserting a needle or tube to relieve the pressure in the chest cavity.
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