Do Bismuth Loads Pattern Better than Steel at Longer Distances?

Physical Properties and Ballistic Performance

Bismuth, a dense and heavy metal, has a high ballistic coefficient (BC) compared to steel. A BC of 0.25-0.30 for bismuth loads is not uncommon, while steel loads typically have a BC of 0.15-0.20. This higher BC allows bismuth loads to maintain their velocity better at longer distances, resulting in tighter patterns. In fact, a study by the National Wild Turkey Federation showed that bismuth loads patterned better than steel loads at distances beyond 40 yards.

Load Design and Construction

The construction of bismuth loads plays a significant role in their patterning performance. Bismuth loads are typically constructed with a heavy bismuth core surrounded by a layer of copper or other metals. This design helps to maintain the core’s velocity, while the outer layer helps to stabilize the load in flight. When choosing bismuth loads, look for loads with a minimum of 1.5 oz (42.5g) of bismuth and a velocity of 1,600-1,700 fps (488-515 m/s) or higher.

Real-World Testing and Practical Considerations

Real-world testing has consistently shown that bismuth loads can pattern better than steel loads at longer distances. In a field test conducted by a well-known hunting publication, bismuth loads patterned a 12" (30.5 cm) circle at 40 yards, while steel loads patterned a 15" (38 cm) circle. When choosing bismuth loads, consider the specific game you’re hunting, the distance you’re hunting at, and the local regulations regarding non-toxic ammunition.