Common misconceptions about LoRa technology in outdoor settings?

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Limited Range and Penetration LoRa technology operates on the sub-GHz spectrum, which allows for longer range and better penetration than traditional Wi-Fi or Bluetooth. However, the range of LoRa is often misunderstood, with many believing it can reach 10-15 miles or more. In reality, the range of LoRa is typically between 1-5 miles, depending on the frequency used, the power of the transmitter, and the environment. For example, using the 868 MHz frequency in Europe or the 915 MHz frequency in North America, a LoRa device with a 14 dBm (25 mW) transmitter can achieve a range of around 2-3 miles in open terrain. However, this range can be significantly reduced in urban environments with high levels of foliage, such as forests or cities with tall buildings.
Non-Line-of-Sight Operation Another misconception about LoRa technology is that it requires direct line of sight to operate effectively. While it is true that LoRa performs best in line-of-sight conditions, it can still operate in non-line-of-sight (NLOS) conditions, albeit with some loss of signal strength. In NLOS conditions, the signal may be reflected off surfaces such as buildings or hills, allowing the device to receive the signal, albeit with some delay and degradation. For example, using a LoRa device with a 20 dBm (100 mW) transmitter in a valley, it is possible to receive a signal from a device on the opposite side of a hill, even though the two devices are not in direct line of sight. However, the range and signal quality will be reduced compared to line-of-sight conditions.
Mesh Network Design When designing a LoRa mesh network for outdoor use, it is essential to consider the physical environment and the layout of the devices. A well-designed mesh network can provide reliable communication between devices, even in NLOS conditions. This can be achieved by using multiple gateways and devices, spaced at regular intervals, to provide redundancy and coverage. For example, using a mesh network with 5 devices, spaced 1 mile apart, it is possible to achieve a range of around 5 miles, even in areas with high levels of foliage. By using a combination of line-of-sight and NLOS devices, it is possible to create a robust and reliable mesh network for outdoor use.