How to Identify Quality Deer Habitat in Wildlife Management Areas?

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Assessing Food Sources Assessing food sources is crucial when evaluating deer habitat. In New Jersey, deer primarily feed on white oak, red oak, and corn. Look for areas with an abundance of these food sources, particularly white oak, which is a preferred food source for deer. Consider the age and health of the trees, as younger trees with more leaves tend to produce more acorns. For example, a 20-acre field with a mix of white oak and red oak trees can provide a steady food source for deer.
Evaluating Shelter and Cover Deer need shelter and cover to protect themselves from harsh weather conditions and predators. In New Jersey, deer tend to seek shelter in dense hardwood forests and coniferous stands. Look for areas with a mix of tree species, including white oak, red oak, and hemlock, which provide excellent cover for deer. Consider the density of the forest, as areas with a higher tree density tend to provide better shelter for deer. For example, a 10-acre forest with a tree density of 150 trees per acre can provide adequate shelter for deer.
Evaluating Water Sources Access to water is essential for deer to survive and thrive. In New Jersey, deer tend to seek out water sources, including ponds, streams, and wetlands. Look for areas with a reliable water source, such as a 1-acre pond or a 5-acre wetland, which can provide a steady water source for deer. Consider the quality of the water, as deer are sensitive to changes in water chemistry. For example, a pond with a pH level between 6.5 and 7.5 can provide a suitable water source for deer.