Quick Answer
Steel shot has a higher pellet density than lead shot, resulting in faster pellet expansion and potentially reduced pattern density at longer ranges. This can lead to decreased effectiveness and increased deflection. Choke selection may be influenced by the type of shot used.
Choke Performance with Lead Shot
When shooting lead shot, you can generally use tighter chokes (improved cylinder to extra-full) to achieve optimal pattern density out to 40 yards. This is because lead shot holds its shape well and resists pellet deformation, maintaining a tighter pattern. However, if you’re shooting at longer ranges (beyond 50 yards), a loose choke (full to modified) may be more effective to compensate for pellet dispersion.
Choke Performance with Steel Shot
Steel shot, on the other hand, requires looser chokes (modified to full) to achieve optimal pattern density. This is because steel shot is more prone to pellet deformation and expansion, leading to a wider pattern. Using a tight choke with steel shot can result in a severely scattered pattern and reduced effectiveness. For steel shot, a choke size that produces a 24- to 30-inch pattern at 40 yards is generally recommended.
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