Quick Answer
In Massachusetts, deer rely on high-calorie food sources during winter to survive. Key food sources include winter-hardy plants like conifer needles, buds, and twigs, as well as agricultural crops and stored feed. Deer also benefit from supplemental feeding by landowners.
Winter-Hardy Plant Sources
Deer in Massachusetts often seek out winter-hardy plant sources like conifer needles from trees such as balsam fir, white pine, and eastern white cedar. These trees tend to retain their needles year-round, providing a reliable food source for deer. Aim to plant a mix of conifer species in your deer habitat to provide a diverse food source.
Agricultural Crops and Stored Feed
Fields of winter crops like wheat, oats, and barley can be a valuable food source for deer in Massachusetts. Deer also tend to visit areas with stored feed like corn, soybeans, and hay. Consider planting a winter cover crop or storing feed in a way that makes it accessible to deer, while also maintaining a safe distance to avoid overfeeding and associated risks.
Habitat Management Techniques
To create a deer-friendly habitat in Massachusetts, focus on managing your land to promote a diverse mix of winter-hardy plants. This includes using techniques like selective logging to create a mosaic of forest ages and types, as well as incorporating native grasses and forbs into your landscape. Aim to maintain a mix of 20-30% of your land in early-successional habitats, which tend to support a higher diversity of winter food sources.
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