Quick Answer
Knowing how to read a map is essential, but it's not a substitute for a compass. A compass provides a quick, accurate bearing and helps you stay oriented. If you're in a survival situation, a compass is a crucial tool.
Navigation Fundamentals
Understanding how to use a compass is essential for wilderness navigation. A compass works by magnetically aligning its needle with the Earth’s magnetic field, pointing towards the magnetic North Pole. To use a compass, first, ensure the declination is set correctly, which is the difference between magnetic and true north. This adjustment is crucial for accurate navigation. For example, in the United States, the declination varies by location, ranging from +20 degrees in some areas to -20 degrees in others.
Compass Readings and Bearings
A compass is used to take bearings, which are readings of direction. To take a bearing, align the compass with the landmark or feature you want to navigate towards. Read the degree of direction on the compass dial, usually a circular scale with 360 degrees. For example, if you’re trying to navigate to a landmark and the compass reading is 270 degrees, you know the landmark is southwest of your current position. Always take multiple bearings to ensure accuracy.
Additional Tips for Compass Use
When using a compass, keep in mind that it’s a tool, not a guarantee of accuracy. Other factors like magnetic interference from metal objects, the compass’s own magnetic declination, and the user’s own technique can affect its accuracy. To minimize errors, always use a compass with a clear view of the horizon and avoid using it near sources of strong magnetic interference. Additionally, practice using a compass with a map to develop your skills and build confidence in your ability to navigate using this essential tool.
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