Are there rabies testing services available for wildlife?

Laboratory Testing Options

Rabies testing for wildlife typically involves one of two methods: direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) testing or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing. DFA testing is a rapid test that can provide results in 15-30 minutes, while PCR testing takes longer, typically 2-4 hours. These tests detect the presence of the rabies virus in the animal’s brain tissue or saliva.

Sample Collection Techniques

To collect a sample for testing, trained professionals typically use a method called ‘cervical dislocation,’ which involves quickly and humanely killing the animal, then removing the brain for testing. In some cases, a saliva sample can be collected from a bite wound or by swabbing the animal’s mouth. Care must be taken to avoid contaminating the sample with other bacteria or viruses, which can lead to false-positive results.

State and National Resources

State and national wildlife health laboratories offer rabies testing services for wildlife, including deer, bats, raccoons, and other animals. These laboratories often work with local animal control agencies, veterinarians, and wildlife rehabilitation centers to test and identify rabies-positive animals. The National Rabies Control Program, managed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), provides guidance and resources for wildlife rabies testing and control efforts across the United States.