Quick Answer
Identify poisonous sumac by its compound leaves with 7-13 leaflets, white or yellowish berries, and a reddish stem, as opposed to edible sumac with simple or 3-part compound leaves, red or purple berries, and a green stem.
Visual Identification
To identify sumac, look for its compound leaves with 7-13 leaflets, typically with a smooth edge and pointed tip. Edible sumac usually has simple or 3-part compound leaves. White or yellowish berries are a sign of poisonous sumac, whereas red or purple berries are associated with edible varieties. The stem color is also a clue: poisonous sumac has a reddish tint, whereas edible sumac has a green stem.
Habitat and Distribution
Poisonous sumac is more commonly found in wetlands and swamps, whereas edible sumac grows in dry, sandy areas and along beaches. Be sure to check local regulations before harvesting sumac berries, as some areas may be protected. Edible sumac is often found near coastal areas, whereas poisonous sumac is more inland.
Safety Precautions
When handling sumac, wear gloves to avoid skin irritation. Avoid ingesting any sumac berries that are moldy, rotting, or have a strong, unpleasant odor. Only harvest sumac berries from areas known to be safe and free of pesticides. Wash the berries thoroughly before consumption, and use them in moderation as a flavoring agent.
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