How to determine wind direction without a compass?

Observing Lichens

Observe the direction of lichen growth on trees, rocks, and other surfaces. Lichens generally grow more densely on the leeward side of objects, where wind protection from the sun and moisture allows them to thrive. This is because the leeward side receives less wind-borne sand, salt, and pollution, creating a more hospitable environment for lichens to grow. By identifying the direction of lichen growth, you can estimate the prevailing wind direction.

Snowdrifts and Wind Patterns

Observe the direction of snowdrifts and the shape of snow-covered terrain. In areas with heavy snowfall, snowdrifts often form perpendicular to the prevailing wind direction. This is because wind blows snow off the ground and deposits it in a new location, creating drifts. By analyzing the shape and direction of these drifts, you can infer the direction of the prevailing wind.

Caribou Following and Weather Patterns

Observe the direction in which caribou, reindeer, and other animals move. These animals often follow the wind to reach food sources, such as lichens, grasses, and berries. By tracking the movement of these animals, you can infer the direction of the wind and use this information to predict weather patterns. In the tundra, wind direction often dictates the location of food sources, making it essential to know the wind direction to survive.