Quick Answer
A compass is an effective navigation tool in wilderness areas, but it requires proper use, calibration, and knowledge of declination. When used correctly, a compass can provide accurate bearings and directions, helping you stay on course. However, it's essential to combine compass use with other navigation techniques.
Choosing the Right Compass
When selecting a compass for wilderness navigation, consider the terrain and your planned route. A baseplate compass with a rotating bezel and a clear, easy-to-read dial is ideal for most situations. Look for a compass with a built-in declination adjustment, as this will save you time and effort in the field. A Suunto A-10 or a Silva Ranger are reliable options. Make sure to purchase a compass with a lanyard or clip, as this will prevent it from getting lost.
Understanding Declination
Declination occurs when the magnetic north pole and the geographic north pole diverge. This can cause your compass readings to be inaccurate. To account for declination, use a declination chart or online resource to determine the difference between magnetic and true north at your location. In the United States, declination ranges from -20 to +20 degrees. Make sure to adjust your compass accordingly to ensure accurate readings.
Using a Compass in the Field
To use a compass, start by holding it level and rotating the bezel until the magnetic needle is aligned with the direction-of-travel arrow. Take a bearing by sighting through the direction-of-travel arrow, then note the reading on the dial. To follow a bearing, use the compass to guide you, keeping the magnetic needle centered between the direction-of-travel arrow and the orienting arrow. Practice using your compass in different conditions to develop muscle memory and improve your accuracy.
Find more answers
Browse the full Q&A library by topic, or jump back to the topic this question belongs to.