Do deer prefer certain types of food sources during winter?

Deer Food Preferences During Winter

In West Virginia, white-tailed deer rely on high-calorie foods to sustain themselves during the winter months. A study by the West Virginia Division of Natural Resources found that deer in the state’s forests prefer foods with high energy content, such as corn (1,000-1,200 kcal/kg), acorns (900-1,000 kcal/kg), and beechnuts (700-800 kcal/kg). These foods help deer maintain their energy reserves and support their bodily functions during the cold winter months.

Supplemental Food Sources

To help deer survive the winter, hunters and landowners in West Virginia often supplement their food sources. Planting deer-friendly crops, such as corn and soybeans, can provide a reliable source of nutrition. However, it’s essential to plant these crops in areas that are accessible to deer and to avoid over-supplementing, as this can lead to dependence on human-provided food. A general rule of thumb is to plant 1/4 to 1/2 acre of corn per 10 acres of deer habitat. Additionally, providing salt licks and mineral blocks can help deer receive essential nutrients.

Winter Foraging Techniques

When foraging for food during the winter, deer in West Virginia often focus on areas with dense hardwood forests, such as oak and beech trees. These areas tend to have a greater abundance of high-calorie foods like acorns and beechnuts. Deer also tend to avoid areas with dense snow cover, as this can make it difficult for them to find food. To effectively manage deer habitats in West Virginia, landowners and hunters should focus on creating areas with a mix of hardwood and softwood trees, as well as incorporating deer-friendly crops and supplemental food sources.