Quick Answer
Yes, digging a victim out too fast during an avalanche rescue can be counterproductive and even increase the risk of further injury or death. This is because the victim's body may be compressed under the snow, and rapid excavation can cause the overlying snow to collapse, trapping the victim further.
Snow Burial Mechanics
When a person is buried under snow, their body compresses the surrounding snow, creating a tight seal. This seal prevents the snow from sliding away, making it difficult to excavate the victim without causing the overlying snow to collapse. The force required to excavate a buried person is proportional to the depth of burial, with greater forces needed for deeper burials.
Digging Techniques
To safely excavate a buried victim, use the “slow and gentle” approach. Start by creating a small opening in the snow surface above the victim, just large enough to insert a probe or shovel. Carefully probe around the victim to determine the extent of the burial and identify any obstructions. Once you have a clear understanding of the situation, begin excavating the snow in small sections, taking care to avoid causing the overlying snow to collapse. Aim to remove 6-8 inches (15-20 cm) of snow at a time, and check the victim’s airway at each depth to ensure they are not being further trapped.
Burial Depth and Rescue Time
The deeper the burial, the more critical it is to proceed slowly and carefully. For burials deeper than 3 feet (90 cm), it is generally recommended to wait 30 minutes before attempting rescue, to allow the snow to settle and the victim’s body to compress the surrounding snow. This reduces the risk of collapse and allows for a safer and more controlled excavation.
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