Quick Answer
Identify an avalanche-ready snowpack by looking for cracks or fractures in the surface, recent avalanche activity, and steep terrain. Use the "Rutschblock" test to assess the snowpack's stability. This involves removing a block of snow and observing its behavior.
Assessing the Snowpack
When assessing the snowpack, look for signs of instability such as recent avalanches, recent wind activity, or a recent snowfall that has occurred on top of a weak layer. Use a tool like a probe or an avalanche transceiver to check for depths of the snowpack. For example, if the snowpack is 2 meters deep and the weak layer is at 1 meter, this creates a high-risk scenario.
The Rutschblock Test
The Rutschblock test involves removing a rectangular block of snow that is roughly 1-2 meters wide and 1-2 meters long. This block should be cut into the snowpack at a depth that is roughly 1-2 meters below the surface. Observe the block’s behavior to see if it slides easily, indicating a weak snowpack. If the block does not slide, this does not necessarily mean the snowpack is stable, but it does indicate that the weak layer is not easily triggered. In general, if the block slides with little resistance, this indicates a high-risk snowpack.
Terrain Analysis
When traveling in avalanche terrain, always assess the slope’s steepness. In general, slopes greater than 30 degrees are considered high-risk for avalanches. Use a compass to measure the slope’s angle, and pay attention to any areas of recent avalanche activity. Additionally, look for areas where the snowpack has been disturbed, such as near ridges or in areas with recent wind activity. Avoid traveling in areas with steep terrain and recent avalanche activity, as these indicate a high-risk snowpack.
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