Quick Answer
The .45-70 Government tends to have more kinetic energy and a larger bullet diameter than the .30-06, which can result in deeper penetration on elk, but may also cause more damage to surrounding tissue. This makes the .45-70 slightly more suitable for larger elk or those in dense cover. However, the .30-06 is still effective and more popular for elk hunting.
Ballistic Comparison
The .45-70 Government cartridge has a significantly larger bullet diameter (0.458 inches) and more kinetic energy (2,350 ft-lbs at 1,200 yards) compared to the .30-06 (0.308 inches and 1,600 ft-lbs at 1,200 yards). This is due to the .45-70’s larger case capacity (around 71 grains more powder) and heavier bullets. This makes the .45-70 more effective for large animals like elk, particularly in dense cover where penetration is essential.
Hunting Techniques
When hunting elk with a .45-70, it’s essential to use a heavy bullet (around 300-400 grains) with a flat or expanding profile. This will ensure deep penetration and maximize the bullet’s performance. Additionally, hunters should aim for the elk’s heart or lungs for a quick kill, as the .45-70’s larger caliber and kinetic energy may cause excessive damage to surrounding tissue if the shot is not placed correctly. Aiming for a quartering-to shot or a shot from a close range (less than 100 yards) can also help reduce the risk of bullet over-penetration.
Field Experience
Many experienced elk hunters have reported successful hunts with the .45-70, particularly in situations where a quick and humane kill is essential. However, the .30-06 is still a popular choice among elk hunters due to its lighter recoil and wider availability. Ultimately, the choice between the two cartridges depends on the hunter’s personal preference, experience, and the specific hunting conditions.
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