Best tools for building a rock outcrop shelter sustainably?

Choosing the Right Rocks

When selecting rocks for your shelter, look for those with a high friction coefficient, such as granite, basalt, or sandstone. These rocks provide stability and are less likely to shift during strong winds or earthquakes. Aim for rocks with a diameter of at least 20 inches (50 cm) to provide adequate support and prevent collapse.

Excavating the Shelter Site

Use a hammer to carefully excavate the shelter site, working from the top down to prevent collapse. Start by removing loose rocks and debris, then use a chisel to shape the site to a depth of about 2 feet (60 cm). Use a pry bar to remove any large boulders or rocks that may be in the way. Create a slope of 30 degrees or more to ensure adequate drainage and prevent water from accumulating inside the shelter.

Waterproofing the Shelter

Use a tarp or plastic sheet to waterproof the shelter, ensuring that the edges are sealed with rocks or soil to prevent leaks. Use a rope or twine to tie the tarp in place, securing it to the surrounding rocks with a tension of about 10-15 pounds (4.5-6.8 kg) to prevent wind damage. Consider using a layer of vegetation, such as leaves or grass, to further protect the shelter from the elements.